The language of England

History of the English Language
A short history of the origins and development of English
The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc - from which the words England and English are derived.

Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century.

About the five dimensions with respect products the language in England use differents techniques like the interaction between people and discuss the fashion for example.Another resources for the language is the music, written part and listening too. The part of politic, religion, sports, family and education.
In practices, the language in England in communication in social situations formal and informal form.
In perspectives the language of English in England is very good, because the form that the people use the language is in values, beliefs and attitudes that the people change between others.
In communities the people are interact in social circustances such as groups of communicative interaction and the participation in cultural programs maybe in education, family, sports team or coworkers.
The person participate in the languge and put in practice the same, because the person consider the language in unique way for establish a conversation. Each person is differents and have experiences about the culture, each person have a unique culture that acquire in various social groups or communities in the way of life.

Creative discussion

  In England with respect the other four dimensions ,the culture of sports is a good example of interaction in the communication.With the practice of sports people have self-expresion associated with social groups.
Also the superstitions are involved in the communication. Also,people interact with others about food, clothing, sports, religion.

The perspectives in England is more evident, because the beliefs are superstitions,people involved in different superstitions like a good luck or bad luck, the superstitions are a custom. The values such as religion and food and attitudes that the people mostrate in England.

In the communities of England the cultural practices in religion ,sports , food and clothes are involved with the cooperation communities.Everyone participates in all the activities in a cultural way.

Persons social interaction between communities, there are evident the cooperation, the people follow the customs and put in practice the practices such as sports, religion, food and collective way.

Religion

England Religion

The religions of a country define, to a large extent, the culture thereof. They tell a story of its past and give a certain degree of information about its current society.

In England, Christianity remains the most practiced religion today, despite its ancient history of paganism. Paganism refers to religious traditions that are characterised by the belief in multiple gods rather than one main God and Creator. These religions include Celtic polytheism, Norse paganism, Roman polytheism, and so on. They were introduced by the Anglo-Saxons, who had their origins in ancient Germanic tribes

The main religions that can be identified in England today are:

1. Christianity
2. Islam
3. Judaism
4. Hinduism
5. Sikhism
6. Buddhism
7. The Bahá'í Faith

Superstitions

General Superstitions

Good Luck

Lucky to meet a black cat. Black Cats are featured on many good luck greetings cards and birthday cards in England.
Lucky to touch wood. We touch; knock on wood, to make something come true.
Lucky to find a clover plant with four leaves.

White heather is lucky.

A horseshoe over the door brings good luck. But the horseshoe needs to be the right way up. The luck runs out of the horseshoe if it is upside down.

Horseshoes are generally a sign of good luck and feature on many good luck cards.

Bad Luck

Unlucky to walk underneath a ladder.
Seven years bad luck to break a mirror. The superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.
Unlucky to see one magpie, lucky to see two, etc..
Unlucky to spill salt. If you do, you must throw it over your shoulder to counteract the bad luck.
Unlucky to open an umbrella in doors.

Animal Superstitions

Animals feature a lot in our superstitions as they do in superstitions around the world

One ancient British superstition holds that if a child rides on a bear's back it will be protected from whooping-cough. (Bears used to roam Britain but now they are not seen on our shores)

In some parts of the UK meeting two or three Ravens together is considered really bad. One very English superstition concerns the tame Ravens at theTower in London. It is believed if they leave then the crown of England will be lost.

It is thought very unlucky to have the feathers of a Peacock within the home or handle anything made with them. This is possibly because of the eye shape present upon these feathers i.e. the Evil-Eye associated with wickedness.

National Dress

National Costume of England - National Dress

 

England, unlike Wales and Scotland, has no official national dress.

Some people think men in England wear suits and bowler hats, but it is very unusual these days to see anyone wearing a bowler hat.

(The man in the photo was taking part in a birthday parade for one of the Queen's Guard regiments.)

An English National Costume group are trying to make England's national dress be the clothes worn by the Anglo saxons during the 7th century. The Anglo-Saxons were warrior-farmers and came from north-western Europe. They began to invade Britain during 450 A.D.

A far better choice for an English national dress would be to choose from our many customs and traditions we have in England. There are a wide variety of costumes from the spectacular ceremonies associated with monarchy to the traditional costumes worn by morris dancers and others at English country fairs.

Morris Dancers

 

Pearly Kings and Queens

 

 

The Pearly Kings were the leaders of the Victorian street sellers. They got their name because they wore 'pearl' buttons on their hats as a sign of authority. Later they began to wear clothes covered all over in buttons.
The title of Pearly King is passsed down in the family, and there are Pearly Queens, Princes and Princesses too. They now spend their free time collecting for charity.

Sports

Sports play an important part in the life in Britain and is a popular leisure activity.

Many of the world's famous sports began in Britain, including cricket, football, lawn tennis, golf and rugby.

England's national sport is cricket although to many people football (soccer) is seen as our national sport. Football is our most popular sport. Some of England's football teams are world famous, the most famous being Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool.

Cricket

Cricket is played on village greens and in towns/cities on Sundays from April to August

The rules of cricket became the responsibility, in the 18th century, of the Marylebone Cricket Club(MCC), based at Lord’s cricket ground in north
London.

Football (Soccer)

Football is undoubtedly the most popular sport in England, and has been played for hundreds of years.

In the English Football League there are 92 professional clubs. These are semi-professional, so most players have other full-time jobs. Hundreds of thousands of people also play football in parks and playgrounds just for fun.

Rugby

Rugby originated from Rugby school in Warwickshire. It is similar to football, but played with an oval ball. Players can carry the ball and tackle each other. The best rugby teams compete in the Super League final each September.

For many years Rugby was only played by the rich upper classes, but now it is popular all over the country. There are two different types of rugby - Rugby League, played mainly in the north of England, and Rugby Union, played in the rest of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, together with France and Italy, play in an annual tournament called the Six Nations.

Golf

Scotland is traditionally regarded as the home of golf. There are over 400 golf courses in Scotland alone. The most important golf club in Scotland is in the seaside town of St. Andrews, near Dundee.

The Food and Cooking of England

English food at its best is hearty, simple, delicious fare, with the food and cooking of England developed to feed the colonial empire, which in its time influenced the rest of the world. The food and cooking of England is steeped in history and heritage, and the modern face of British food presents a dynamic and thriving cuisine.

 

 

Food Today

Though it has taken many years, that joke is now forgotten as England has regained its reputation for some of the finest foods, best chefs, and renowned restaurants.

Throughout England today there is a massive resurgence of traditional foods, recipes and cooking, using wherever possible locally produced, seasonal foods.

Food Traditions

English food traditions are many and varied. Who has not heard of its national dishes, afternoon tea, the full englih breakfast, sunday luch, and the tradion of the great British pub; the inclination to drink one beer in the evening in the company of others.

Physical Geography

England lies in the southern and eastern part of the island of Great Britain.

England Ubication

England, a political division of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. England's island location off the coast of Europe has played a major role in the country's development and history. Being so close to the mainland, England participated in many of Europe's great social, intellectual, and religious movements. At the same time, the English Channel protected the country from most potential invaders and separated it from the continent with its frequent political upheavals.

Facts in brief about England

Capital: London.

Official language: English.

Area: 50,352 mi2 (130,410 km2). Greatest distances—north-south, about 360 mi (579 km); east-west, about 270 mi (435 km). Coastline--about 1,150 mi (1,851 km).

Elevation: Highest—Scafell Pike, 3,210 ft (978 m) above sea level. Lowest—Great Holme Fen, near the River Ouse in Cambridgeshire, 9 ft (2.7 m) below sea level.

Population: Current estimate—50,750,000; density, 1,008 per mi2 (389 per km2); distribution, 95 percent urban, 5 percent rural. 2001 census—49,138,831.

Chief products: Agriculture—barley, cattle, chickens and eggs, fruits, milk, potatoes, sheep, sugar beets, wheat. Fishing—cod, haddock, mackerel. Manufacturing—aircraft engines, beverages, chemicals, clothing, electronic equipment, fabricated steel products, footwear, leather goods, paper, printed materials, processed foods, tobacco, wool and other textiles. Mining—coal, natural gas, petroleum.